Análisis de los factores determinantes del rendimiento en papa (Solanum tuberosum ) con especial referencia a la situación Argentina

D. O. Caldiz, F. J. Gaspari

Resumen


En esta revisión se analizan los factores que modifican el rendimiento del cultivo, en función de diferentes situaciones de producción, identificadas como de rendimiento potencial, posible y actual. El rendimiento potencial del cultivo esta determinado por los factores que no pueden ser alterados por los agricultores, como altitud, latitud, temperatura, fotoperiodo, radiación y el cultivar elegido. El rendimiento posible está limitado por diversos factores, que pueden ser modificados por el agricultor, como por e|emplo: las labores culturales, la edad fisiológica de los tubérculos semilla y la disponibilidad de agua y nutrientes. Por último, el rendimiento actual es aquel que se ve reducido por la presencia de malezas, plagas, enfermedades y contaminantes. Estos factores, que determinan, limitan o reducen el rendimiento del cultivo, sólo han sido analizados parcialmente, tanto a nivel mundial como para la Argentina. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es analizar, en conjunto y con especial referencia a S. tuberosum sp. tuberosum y a la situación Argentina, los factores abióticos y bióticos responsables del rendimiento cuando los tubérculos se destinan a una nueva plantación, al consumo fresco o a la industria.

Palabras clave


papa, rendimiento, calidad, semilla, industria

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Referencias


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