Evaluación de parámetros morfológicos y fisiológicos de plantas de pimiento inoculadas con Funneliformis mosseae creciendo con altas concentraciones de cobre en condiciones de hidroponia.
Resumen
La industrialización y la actividad agropecuaria, a través del uso de fertilizantes y plaguicidas, han causado una contaminación ambiental severa. La incorporación de metales pesados al medio es una de las problemáticas que más preocupan a las organizaciones vinculadas al monitoreo del ambiente. El cobre es un micronutriente esencial para el crecimiento vegetal pero en elevadas concentraciones es tóxico. Las micorrizas arbusculares, participan activamente en el metabolismo de los metales pesados, aumentando la tolerancia de las plantas que crecen en sitios contaminados. Se evaluaron las respuestas morfológicas y fisiológicas de plantas de pimiento inoculadas con el hongo micorrícico arbuscular Funneliformis mosseae en concentraciones crecientes de cobre en un cultivo hidropónico. Se realizaron mediciones morfológicas (peso seco, área foliar), fisiológicas (conductancia y resistencia estomática, índice de verdor, temperatura de hoja, conductividad relativa de membranas celulares) y bioquímicas (patrón proteico, contenido de malondialdehído). El crecimiento de las plantas de pimiento no inoculadas o inoculadas mostró una disminución con el aumento de la concentración de cobre en el medio. Las plantas inoculadas con el hongo micorrícico arbuscular pudieron soportar una concentración mayor de cobre que las no inoculadas y esta concentración varió según el parámetro analizado. En general, la inoculación aumentó el umbral de tolerancia al cobre. Se demostró el efecto perjudicial del cobre, en plantas de pimiento crecidas en condiciones de hidroponia y la participación activa de la simbiosis con hongos micorrícicos en el aumento de la tolerancia de las plantas al estrés por cobre.
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